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Top:
Hippocrates
(460-370 BC), "Father of Medicine." Hippocratic
medicine's chief concerns were the patient and diagnosis and treatment
based on observed facts.
Bottom:
Aristotle
(384-322 BC), Comparative anatomist and embryologist.
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Top:
The
Apothecary. "And thou shalt make . . . an ointment compound
after the art of the apothecary." Exodus 30:35
Bottom:
The
Old Testament legislated social hygiene for the good of the individual
and the community.
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Top:
William
Harvey (1578-1657), discoverer of the circulation of the blood,
studying the flow of blood in the veins.
Bottom:
The
Reverend Stephan Hales (1677-1761) making the first measurement of
blood pressure, using the direct method on a horse.
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Top:
Benvenutus
Grassus (circa 12th Century) made studies on the structure of the
eye. His writings were the acknowledged text on ophthalmology
for 500 years.
Bottom:
A
Deaconess in a medieval hospital carrying out "Christianity's
essential aim. . .the assistance of the sick. . .a work of human and
divine pity." Castiglioni
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Top:
Ephraim
McDowell (1771-1830) treating tumor of the ovary by the first removal
of this organ.
Bottom:
Ignaz
Semmelweis (1818-1865) instituted methods of preventig childbed fever,
thus saving the lives of thousands of mothers.
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Dissection
and anatomical illustration in the renaissance when anatomy became a
science through dissections of the human corpse by Andreas Vesalius
(1514-1564).
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Top:
The
American William Beaumont (1785-1853) advanced physiology by his study
of the digestive processes in the living stomach of Alexis St. Martin
after a healed shotgun wound left a permanent opening.
Bottom:
Wilheml
Roentgen (1845-1923) discovered the X-ray in 1895. The panel
shows the fluoroscope which uses X-ray in the examination of the
interior of the living body.
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Top:
The
development of dentistry as a modern science began with the writings
and practice of Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), who is depicted examining
a patient.
Bottom:
Louis
Pasteur (1822-1895) inoculating a dog with rabies virus via a hole
bored through the skull--part of an experiment to develop a rabies
vaccine.
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